Выращивание лука из семян

Не зависимо от вида и сортов лука, выращивание их почти одинаково. Постоянный полив и достаточное освещение — необходимые процессы  для всех растений. Лук репчатый, в зависимости от других сортов и видов, наиболее требователен к свету. Температура окружающего воздуха по разному влияет на растение: её увеличение,  приводит к перегреву растения, ухудшает товарный вид зелени, а так же снижает урожайность.

Выращивание лука из семян

Как уже говорилось в предыдущей статье, выращивание лука производят из семян, рассады, севка и луковиц. Из семян лук выращивают, предпочтительно, в южных районах. В средней полосе очень редко применяют данный вид выращивания, так как хранится лук хуже.

 

Не затягивают с посевом семян и производят это как можно раньше, в зависимости от состоянии почвы, чтобы луковица в течении летнего сезона стала полноценной. На 1 кв. метр высаживаем 0.8 грамм сухих семян, что является нормой.

Так как распространённый способ выращивания лука в нашем регионе является из севка , то в дальнейшем рассмотрим данный способ.

Лук севок.

Высаживаем севок весной с 25 апреля по 5 мая, более поздние посадки повлияют на качество урожая, выбирая для этого луковички диаметром 1-2 сантиметра. Если выбрать луковички диаметром больше 2 см., то они могут образовать стрелку при посадке. Стрелку даёт лук при, продолжительной, температуре окружающей среды ниже 10 градусов. Поэтому применяют такие луковички для высадки на перо (зима — весна). Мы при посадке стараемся выбирать более мелкие луковички.

Перед посадкой проводим прогревание луковичек в течении 8 часов при температуре воды 40-42 градуса, что благоприятно скажется на предупреждении их заболеваний и уменьшения возможности стрелкования.

Иногда применяют так же в этих целях  иной способ: заливаем, перед посадкой, горячей водой 65-70 градусов и оставляем на 1-2 минуты. После извлекаем и погружаем на 1 минуту в холодную воду. Данную процедуру проводим с осторожностью, во избежания перегрева луковички. После прогревания замачиваем луковичку в питательном растворе стимуляторе  роста.

Высаживаем луковички в прогретую почву делая, предварительно, бороздки глубиной 4 см и между рядами придерживаясь расстояния 20-25 см, между луковичками от 8 до 12 см (в зависимости от сорта). Луковички сажаем в подготовленные бороздки, что бы на поверхности был кончик шейки, и присыпаем почвой не более 1-1,5 см. Первые всходы ожидаем через 5-6 дней.

Полив производим тёплой водой, ни в коем случае не холодной ниже 18 градусов. Обязательно, после полива, взрыхляем в междурядьях почву, так как после полива образуется корка препятствующая доступу воздуха в почву, что неблагоприятно сказывается на корнеобразовании. Когда начинаем убирать лук полив прекращаем за 2-3 недели.

В качестве подкормки используем органические (азотистые) удобрения. Коровяком подкармливаем, после того как посадим, через две недели. Вторую подкормку производим в фазе 4-5 листочков, но азот исключаем, в 10 литрах воды разводим 20 грамм сульфата калия и 30-40 грамм суперфосфата. Третий раз подкармливаем коровяком в фазе 6-7 листьев. Во влажную погоду удобрения вносим в бороздки в сухом виде, вдоль рядков, придерживаясь расстояния от растений  в 5 см.

Убирают лук когда листья пожелтеют, полягут и подсохнут, в конце августа — начале сентября.

Перед хранением подсушиваем его, перебираем луковицы, удаляя больные и повреждённые. Храним мы лук в погребе в ящиках, предварительно продезинфицировав их, так же возможно в холодильнике. Чтобы лук не загнивал, перед его хранением, прогреваем в течении 8 часов при температуре  43 градуса. Если хранить его при комнатной температуре, возможность его усыхания увеличивается в два раза.

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комментариев 9

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